The treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile (C. diff.) infection is a subject of increasing interest in the scientific literature.
We have provided links to a sampling of the most important studies related to the use of Microbiota Restoration Therapy™ (MRT™) drug platform for recurrent C. diff. infection including predecessor therapies.
van Nood E, Vrieze A, Nieuwdorp M, et al. Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med 2013;368(5):407-415.
Hamilton MJ, Weingarden AR, Unno T, Khoruts A, Sadowsky MJ. High-throughput DNA sequence analysis reveals stable engraftment of gut microbiota following transplantation of previously frozen fecal bacteria. Gut Microbes. 2013;4(2):125-135.
Hamilton MJ, Weingarden AR, Sadowsky MJ, Khoruts A. Standardized frozen preparation for transplantation of fecal microbiota for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107(5):761-767.
Rubin TA, Gessert CE, Aas J, Bakken JS. Fecal microbiome transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: Report on a case series. Anaerobe 2013;19:22-26.
Kassam Z, Hundal R, Marshall JK, Lee CH. Fecal transplant via retention enema for refractory or recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Arch Intern Med 2012;172(2):191-193.
Mattila E, Uusitalo-Seppälä R, Wuorela M, et al. Fecal transplantation, through colonoscopy, is effective therapy for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Gastroenterology 2012;142(3):490-496.
Mellow MH, Kanatzar A. Colonoscopic fecal bacteriotherapy in the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection–results and follow-up. J Okla State Med Assoc 2011;104(3):89-91.
Kassam Z, Lee CH, Yuan Y, Hunt RH. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Clostridium difficile Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2013 Mar 19. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2013.59. [Epub ahead of print]
Gough E, Shaikh H, Manges AR. Systematic review of intestinal microbiota transplantation (fecal bacteriotherapy) for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis 2011 Nov;53(10):994-1002.
Guo B, Harstall C, Louie T, Veldhuyzen van Zanten S, Dieleman LA. Systematic review: faecal transplantation for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012;35(8):865-875.
Landy J, Al-Hassi HO, McLaughlin SD, Walker AW, et al. Review article: faecal transplantation therapy for gastrointestinal disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011;34(4):409-415.
van Nood E, Speelman P, Kuijper EJ, Keller JJ. Struggling with recurrent Clostridium difficile infections: is donor faeces the solution? Euro Surveill 2009;14(34). pii: 19316.
Bakken JS, Borody T, Brandt LJ, et al. For the Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Workgroup. Treating Clostridium difficile infection with fecal microbiota transplantation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;9(12):1044-1049.
Allen-Vercoe E, Reid G, Viner N, et al. A Canadian Working Group report on fecal microbial therapy: microbial ecosystems therapeutics. Can J Gastroenterol 2012;26(7):457-462.
Cohen SH, Gerding DN, Johnson S, et al. for the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the society for healthcare epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the infectious diseases society of America (IDSA). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010 May;31(5):431-455.
Bauer MP, Kuijper EJ, van Dissel JT; European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID): treatment guidance document for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009;15(12):1067-1079.
Safdar N. Clostridium difficile: the emerging epidemic. Mayo Clin Proc 2012;87(11):1037-1039.
Dubberke E. Clostridium difficile infection: the scope of the problem. J Hosp Med 2012;7 Suppl 3:S1-4.
CDC. Vital signs: preventing Clostridium difficile infections. MMWR 2012; 61(9): 162-167.
Gerding DN. Global epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in 2010. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010; 31 (Suppl 1):S32-S34.
Elixhauser A, Steiner C, Gould C. Readmissions following Hospitalizations with Clostridium difficile Infections, 2009. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Statistical Brief #145. December 2012.
Dubberke E, Olsen. Burden of Clostridium difficile on the healthcare system. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55 (Suppl 2): S88-S92.
Jones AM, Kuijper EJ, Wilcox MH. Clostridium difficile: a European perspective. J Infect 2013;66(2):115-128.
Lucado J, Gould C, Elixhauser A. Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) in hospital stays, 2009. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Statistical Brief #124. January 2012.
Wiegand PN, Nathwani D, Wilcox MH, et al. Clinical and economic burden of Clostridium difficile infection in Europe: a systematic review of healthcare-facility-acquired infection. J Hosp Infect 2012;81(1):1-14.
Shaughnessy MK, Amundson WH, Kuskowski MA, et al. Unnecessary antimicrobial use in patients with current or recent Clostridium difficile infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2013;34(2):109-116.
Harpe SE, Inocencio TJ, Pakyz AL, Oinonen MJ, Polk RE. Characterization of continued antibacterial therapy after diagnosis of hospital-onset Clostridium difficileinfection: implications for antimicrobial stewardship. Pharmacotherapy 2012;32(8):744-754.
Bartlett JG. A call to arms: the imperative for antimicrobial stewardship. Clin Infect Dis 2011;53 Suppl 1:S4-7.
